Lobeglitazone sulfate (Duvie )

Lobeglitazone Sulfate, CKD-501, IDR-105

(Duvie^®)Approved KOREA

Chong Kun Dang (Originator)

Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 Diabetes mellitus

A dual PPARα and PPARγ agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes.

Trade Name：Duvie^®MOA：Dual PPARα and PPARγ agonistIndication：Type 2 diabetes

CAS No. 607723-33-1(FREE)

CAS 763108-62-9(Lobeglitazone Sulfate)

2,4-Thiazolidinedione, 5-((4-(2-((6-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-4- pyrimidinyl)methylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-, sulfate (1:1);

• Developer Chong Kun Dang; EQUIS & ZAROO
• Class Antihyperglycaemics; Pyrimidines; Small molecules; Thiazolidinediones
• Mechanism of Action Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonists; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists
• MarketedType 2 diabetes mellitus

• Most Recent Events

  • 01 May 2016Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical completes two phase I drug-interaction trials in Healthy volunteers in South Korea (PO) (NCT02824874; NCT02827890)
  • 01 Apr 2016Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical initiates two phase I drug-interaction trials in Healthy volunteers in South Korea (PO) (NCT02824874; NCT02827890)
  • 01 Mar 2016Chong Kun Dang completes a phase I pharmacokinetic trial in Impaired hepatic function in Healthy volunteers in South Korea, NCT02007941)
  • Lobeglitazone sulfate was approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (Korea) on July 4, 2013. It was developed and marketed as Duvie^® by Chong Kun Dang Corporation.Lobeglitazone is an agonist for both PPARα and PPARγ, and it works as an insulin sensitizer by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells and making the cells more responsive to insulin. It is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.Duvie^® is available as tablet for oral use, containing 0.5 mg of free Lobeglitazone. The recommended dose is 0.5 mg once daily.

Lobeglitazone (trade name Duvie, Chong Kun Dang) is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs. As an agonistfor both PPARα and PPARγ, it works as an insulin sensitizer by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells and making the cells more responsive to insulin.^[3]

Chong Kun Dang

Lobeglitazone sulfate was approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (Korea) on July 4, 2013. It was developed and marketed as Duvie^® by Chong Kun Dang Corporation.

Lobeglitazone is an agonist for both PPARα and PPARγ, and it works as an insulin sensitizer by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells and making the cells more responsive to insulin. It is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Duvie^® is available as tablet for oral use, containing 0.5 mg of free Lobeglitazone. The recommended dose is 0.5 mg once daily.

Lobeglitazone which was reported in our previous works belongs to the class of potent PPARα/γ dual agonists (PPARα EC₅₀:  0.02 μM, PPARγ EC₅₀:  0.018 μM, rosiglitazone; PPARα EC₅₀:  >10 μM, PPARγ EC₅₀:  0.02 μM, pioglitazone PPARα EC₅₀:  >10 μM, PPARγ EC₅₀:  0.30 μM). Lobeglitazone has excellent pharmacokinetic properties and was shown to have more efficacious in vivo effects in KKA^y mice than rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.¹⁷ Due to its outstanding pharmacokinetic profile, lobeglitazone was chosen as a promising antidiabetes drug candidate.

Medical uses

Lobeglitazone is used to assist regulation of blood glucose level of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. It can be used alone or in combination with metformin.^[4]

Lobeglitazone was approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (Korea) in 2013, and the postmarketing surveillance is on progress until 2019.^[4][5]

SYNTHESIS

Chong Kun Dang's Modcol Flu Dry Syrup is released in four different versions: All-Day, Night, Nose and Cough. [CHONG KUN DANG]

PAPER

Org. Process Res. Dev. 2007, 11, 190-199.

Process Development and Scale-Up of PPAR α/γ Dual Agonist Lobeglitazone Sulfate (CKD-501)

Hong Woo Lee ,*^† Joong Bok Ahn ,^‡ Sung Kwon Kang ,^† Soon Kil Ahn ,^† and Deok-Chan Ha ^‡

Process Research and Development Laboratory, Chemical Research Group, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Cooperation, Cheonan P. O. Box 74, Cheonan 330-831, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 5-1-2, Anam-Dong, Seoul 136-701, Korea

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2007, 11 (2), pp 190–199

DOI: 10.1021/op060087u

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/op060087u

A scaleable synthetic route to the potent PPARα/γ dual agonistic agent, lobeglitazone (1), used for the treatment of type-2 diabetes was developed. The synthetic pathway comprises an effective five-step synthesis. This process involves a consecutive synthesis of the intermediate, pyrimidinyl aminoalcohol (6), from the commercially available 4,6-dichloropyrimidine (3) without the isolation of pyrimidinyl phenoxy ether (4). Significant improvements were also made in the regioselective 1,4-reduction of the intermediate, benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione (10), using Hantzsch dihydropyridine ester (HEH) with silica gel as an acid catalyst. The sulfate salt form of lobeglitazone was selected as a candidate compound for further preclinical and clinical study. More than 2 kg of lobeglitazone sulfate (CKD-501, 2) was prepared in 98.5% purity after the GMP batch. Overall yield of 2 was improved to 52% from 17% of the original medicinal chemistry route.

Silica gel TLC R_f = 0.35 (detection:  iodine char chamber, ninhydrin solution, developing solvents:  CH₂Cl₂/MeOH, 20:1); mp 111.4 °C; IR (KBr) ν 3437, 3037, 2937, 2775, 1751, 1698, 1648, 1610, 1503, 1439, 1301, 1246, 1215, 1183 cm^-1;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.09 (m, 4H), 3.29 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.97 (m, 2H), 4.14 (m, 2H), 4.86 (m, 1H), 6.06 (bs, 1H), 6.86 (m, 2H), 7.00 (m, 2H), 7.13 (m, 4H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 11.99 (s, NH);

¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 37.1, 38.2, 53.7, 53.8, 56.3, 62.2, 65.8, 86.0, 115.1, 116.0, 123.0, 129.8, 131.2, 145.7, 153.4, 157.9, 158.1, 161.1, 166.5, 172.4, 172.5, 176.3, 176.5;

MS (ESI)m/z (M + 1) 481.5; Anal. Calcd for C₂₄H₂₆N₄O₉S₂:  C, 49.82; H, 4.53; N, 9.68; S, 11.08. Found:  C, 49.85; H, 4.57; N, 9.75; S, 11.15.

PATENT

WO03080605A1.

 

Clip
Lobeglitazone sulfate (Duvie ) Lobeglitazone sulfate, an oral peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARa/c) dual agonist with IC50 = 20 and 18 nM respectively, was developed by Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical in Korea for the treatment of diabetes.135 This drug is differentiated from two other PPAR agonists available—pioglitazone and rosiglitazone —which lack PPARa activity.135 The most likely processscale preparation of lobeglitazone sulfate follows the route described in a process communication from Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical.136

Commercially available 4,6-dichloropyrimidine (152) was treated with a stoichiometric equivalent of p-methoxyphenol (153) in the presence of KF in warm DMF (Scheme 24). Upon completion of this reaction, 2-methylaminoethanol was added to the mixture to provide pyrimidine 154 in high yield.137

Next, alcohol 154 underwent a substitution reaction with p-fluorobenzaldehyde (155) under basic conditions to provide alkoxy benzaldehyde 156 which was converted to the benzylidene thiazolidindione 158 upon subjection to Knoevenagel conditions with 2,4-thiazolidinedione (157) in 90% yield.

Finally, reduction of olefin 158 was facilitated by treatment with the Hantzsch ester (159) in the presence of silica gel followed by treatment with methanolic sulfuric acid (96%) at low temperature to ultimately furnish lobeglitazone sulfate in 90% yield.

135. Jin, S. M.; Park, C. Y.; Cho, Y. M.; Ku, B. J.; Ahn, C. W.; Cha, B.-S.; Min, K. W.;Sung, Y. A.; Baik, S. H.; Lee, K. W.; Yoon, K.-H.; Lee, M.-K.; Park, S. W. Diab.Obes. Metab. 2015, 17, 599.
136. Lee, H. W.; Ahn, J. B.; Kang, S. K.; Ahn, S. K.; Ha, D.-C. Org. Process Res. Dev.2007, 11, 190.
137. Lee, H. W.; Kim, B. Y.; Ahn, J. B.; Kang, S. K.; Lee, J. H.; Shin, J. S.; Ahn, S. K.; Lee,S. J.; Yoon, S. S. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2005, 40, 862.

References

1. Lee JH, Noh CK, Yim CS, Jeong YS, Ahn SH, Lee W, Kim DD, Chung SJ. (2015). "Kinetics of the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Lobeglitazone, a Novel Activator of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Rats.".Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences 104 (9): 3049–3059.doi:10.1002/jps.24378. PMID 25648999.
2.  Kim JW, Kim JR, Yi S, Shin KH, Shin HS, Yoon SH, Cho JY, Kim DH, Shin SG, Jang IJ, Yu KS. (2011). "Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of lobeglitazone (CKD-501), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist: a single- and multiple-dose, double-blind, randomized control study in healthy male Korean subjects.". Clinical therapeutics 33 (11): 1819–1830.doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.09.023. PMID 22047812.
3.  Lee JH, Woo YA, Hwang IC, Kim CY, Kim DD, Shim CK, Chung SJ. (2009). "Quantification of CKD-501, lobeglitazone, in rat plasma using a liquid-chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method and its applications to pharmacokinetic studies.". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 50 (5): 872–877.doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2009.06.003. PMID 19577404.
4.  "MFDS permission information of Duvie Tablet 0.5mg"(Release of Information). Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Retrieved2014-10-23.
5.  "국내개발 20번째 신약‘듀비에정’허가(20th new drug developed in Korea 'Duvie Tablet' was approved)". Chong Kun Dang press release. 2013-07-04. Retrieved 2014-10-23.

Lobeglitazone

Systematic (IUPAC) name
5-[(4-[2-([6-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]-methylamino)ethoxy]phenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
Clinical data
Trade names	Duvie
Routes of administration	Oral
Legal status
Legal status	Rx-only in South Korea
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	>99%[1]
Metabolism	liver (CYP2C9, 2C19, and 1A2)[1]
Biological half-life	7.8–9.8 hours[2]
Identifiers
CAS Number	607723-33-1
PubChem	CID 9826451
DrugBank	DB09198
ChemSpider	8002194
Synonyms	CKD-501
Chemical data
Formula	C24H24N4O5S
Molar mass	480.53616 g/mol
SMILES CN(CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2C(=O)NC(=O)S2)C3=CC(=NC=N3)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC

Identifications:

1H NMR (Estimated) for Lobeglitazone

Experimental: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.12 (m, 4H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 4.00 (m, 2H), 4.16 (m, 2H), 4.50 (m, 1H), 5.84 (bs, 1H), 6.83 (m, 2H), 7.06 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.89 (bs, NH).

///Lobeglitazone Sulfate, CKD-501, Duvie^®,  Approved KOREA, Chong Kun Dang, A dual PPARα and PPARγ agonist , type 2 diabetes, CKD 501, 763108-62-9, 607723-33-1, IDR-105

CN(CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2C(=O)NC(=O)S2)C3=CC(=NC=N3)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC.OS(=O)(=O)O

Tianagliflozin IND filed by Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical research

Tianagliflozin,

taigeliejing, 6-deoxydapagliflozin

Molecular Formula:	C21H25ClO5
Molecular Weight:	392.8732 g/mol

IND Filing...Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical research

Tianjin Institute Of Pharmaceutical Research,

(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol

1-[4-Chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-glucopyranose

D-​Glucitol, 1,​5-​anhydro-​1-​C-​[4-​chloro-​3-​[(4-​ethoxyphenyl)​methyl]​phenyl]​-​6-​deoxy-​, (1S)​-

1-[4-Chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,6-dideoxy-β-d-glucopyranose

6-deoxydapagliflozin

 

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/67891767#section=Top

 

A SGLT-2 inhibitor potentially for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

CAS N. 1461750-27-5

The structures of dapagliflozin and 6-deoxydapagliflozin (1)

,deletion of the 6-OH in the sugar moiety of dapagliflozin led to the discovery of a more potent SGLT2 inhibitor, 6-deoxydapagliflozin (1, ). In an in vitro assay, 1 was a more active SGLT2 inhibitor, with IC ₅₀ = 0.67 nM against human SGLT2 (hSGLT2), as compared with 1.1 nM for dapagliflozin, leading to the identification of 1 as the most active SGLT2 inhibitor discovered so far in this field. Also in an in vivo assay, 1 also introduced more urinary glucose in a rat urinary glucose excretion test (UGE) and exhibited more potent blood glucose inhibitory activity in a rat oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) than dapagliflozin.

Given the fact that 6-dexoydapagliflozin (1) is a very promising SGLT2 inhibitor that could be used to treat type 2 diabetes, led to preclinical trials

 

 

 

 

 Tianjin Institute Of Pharmaceutical Research,天津药物研究院

SPECTRAL DATA of Tianagliflozin

1 as a white solid (3.65 g, 93 %). R _f = 0.35 (EtOAc);

m.p.: 148–149 °C;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆): δ = 7.35 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.18 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.08 (d, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 4.95 (d, 1H, J = 5.2 Hz, OH), 4.90 (d, 1H, J = 4.4 Hz, OH), 4.79 (d, 1H, J = 5.6 Hz, OH), 3.92–4.01 (m, 5H), 3.24–3.29 (m, 1H), 3.18–3.22 (m, 1H), 3.09–3.15 (m, 1H), 2.89–2.95 (m, 1H), 1.29 (t, 3H, J = 7.0 Hz, CH₂ CH ₃ ), 1.15 (d, 3H, J = 6.0 Hz, CHCH ₃ ) ppm;

¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d ₆): δ = 156.85, 139.65, 137.82, 131.83, 131.16, 130.58, 129.52, 128.65, 127.14, 114.26, 80.71, 77.98, 75.77, 75.51, 74.81, 62.84, 37.55, 18.19, 14.62 ppm;

IR (KBr): v¯¯¯ = 3,564 (w), 3,385 (s), 2,981 (s), 2,899 (s), 2,861 (s), 1,613 (m), 1,512 (s), 1,477 (m), 1,247 (s), 1,102 (s), 1,045 (s), 1,012 (s) cm⁻¹;

HR–MS: calcd for C₂₁H₂₉ClNO₅ ([M + NH₄]⁺) 410.1729, found 410.1724.

PATENT

 CN 103864737

http://www.google.com/patents/CN103864737A?cl=en

PATENT

WO 2014094544

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2014094544A1?cl=en

-27-

1 D1 -6 Optionally, the step (7 ') is the step (7') in place:
LS l- [4 - D (I- Dl- 6)

A.

(DMSO-d _6, 400 MHz), δ 7.35 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.28 (d, 1H, J '. 2.0 Hz), 7.17 (dd, IH, / = 2.0 Hz and 8.4 Hz), 7.05 (d, 2H, _J: 8.8 Hz), 6.79 (d, 2H, 8.8 Hz): 4.924,95 (m, 2H), 4,81 (d, IH, 6,0 Hz), 3.93- 3.99 (m, 5H), 3,85 (d, 1H, J = 10,4 Hz), 3,66 (dd, IH, 5,2 Hz and 11,6 Hz), 3.17-3,28 (m, 3H), 3.02-3.08 _(m: IH), 1.28 (t, 3H, J = 7,0 Hz), 0,80 (s, 9H), -0.05 (s, 3H), -0.09 (s, 3H) .

PATENT

CN 104045614

[0066] The added 100mL dried over anhydrous methanol 0. 5g of sodium metal, nitrogen at room temperature with stirring, until the sodium metal disappeared. Followed by addition of 5. 2g (10mmol) of compound 6, stirring was continued at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction system was added 5g strong acid cation exchange resin, stirred at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture until pH = 7. The resin was removed by suction, and the filtrate evaporated to dryness on a rotary evaporator, the residue was further dried on a vacuum pump to give the product I-D1-6, as a white foamy solid.

PATENT

 WO 2014139447

PATENT related

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013044608A1?cl=en

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40242-014-4043-9#/page-1

Med Chem. 2015;11(4):317-28.

Design of SGLT2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A History Driven by Biology to Chemistry.

Cai W, Jiang L, Xie Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Zhao G¹.

Abstract

A brief history of the design of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors is reviewed. The design of O-glucoside SGLT2 inhibitors by structural modification of phlorizin, a naturally occurring O-glucoside, in the early stage was a process mainly driven by biology with anticipation of improving SGLT2/SGLT1 selectivity and increasing metabolic stability. Discovery of dapagliflozin, a pioneering C-glucoside SGLT2 inhibitor developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb, represents an important milestone in this history. In the second stage, the design of C-glycoside SGLT2 inhibitors by modifications of the aglycone and glucose moiety of dapagliflozin, an original structural template for almost all C-glycoside SGLT2 inhibitors, was mainly driven by synthetic organic chemistry due to the challenge of designing dapagliflozin derivatives that are patentable, biologically active and synthetically accessible. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the SGLT2 inhibitors are also discussed.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25557661

Paper

 Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 10, Number 3

 

Discovery of 6-Deoxydapagliflozin as a Highly Potent Sodium-dependent Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Authors: Zhang, Lingyu; Wang, Yuli; Xu, Huaqiang; Shi, Yongheng; Liu, Bingni; Wei, Qunchao; Xu, Weiren; Tang, Lida; Wang, Jianwu; Zhao, Guilong

Source: Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 10, Number 3, May 2014, pp. 304-317(14)

http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/mc/2014/00000010/00000003/art00009?crawler=true

CLIP

A facile synthesis of 6-deoxydapagliflozin

Keywords. Carbohydrates Drug research Hydrogenolysis Dapagliflozin SGLT2 inhibitor

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00706-013-1053-0/fulltext.html

The synthetic route to the target compound 1 is shown in Scheme 3. The starting material methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-6-iodo-α-d-glucopyranoside (3) was prepared from commercially available methyl α-d-glucopyranoside (2) according to a known method [5, 6].

Iodide 3 was reductively deiodinated to give 4 in 91 % yield under hydrogenolytic conditions using 10 % Pd/C as catalyst in the presence of Et₃N as base in THF/MeOH at room temperature.

when the iodide 3 was treated with Barton–McCombie reagent (n-Bu₃SnH/AIBN) [7] in toluene at room temperature no reaction occurred; however, when the reaction was carried out at elevated temperatures, such as reflux, a complex mixture formed with only a trace amount (3 %, entry 1) of the desired product 4.

When the iodide 3 was treated with LiAlH₄ in THF at 0 °C to room temperature, another complex mixture was produced with only a trace amount (2 %, entry 2) of 4.

When Pd(OH)₂ was used as the hydrogenolysis catalyst instead of 10 % Pd/C, the desired 4 was indeed formed (14 %, entry 4), but most of the starting material was converted to a few more polar byproducts, which were believed to result from the cleavage of at least one of the benzyl groups.

pdf available

Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly
December 2013, Volume 144, Issue 12, pp 1903-1910

http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/721/art%253A10.1007%252Fs00706-013-1053-0.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs00706-013-1053-0&token2=exp=1458808857~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F721%2Fart%25253A10.1007%25252Fs00706-013-1053-0.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.1007%252Fs00706-013-1053-0*~hmac=bd1c3c2bdc3712f5540267c99f732b2f7588020a868aa23021792a2a2a58d65e

References

1. 1.Washburn WN (2009) J Med Chem 52:1785
2. 2.Hardman TC, Dubrey SW (2011) Diabetes Ther 2:133
3. 3.Meng M, Ellsworth BA, Nirschl AA, McCann PJ, Patel M, Girotra RN, Wu G, Sher PM, Morrison EP, Biller SA, Zahler R, Deshpande PP, Pullockaran A, Hagan DL, Morgan N, Taylor JR, Obermeier MT, Humphreys WG, Khanna A, Discenza L, Robertson JM, Wang A, Han S, Wetterau JR, Janovitz EB, Flint OP, Whaley JM, Washburn WN (2008) J Med Chem 51:1145
4. 4.Nomura S, Sakamaki S, Hongu M, Kawanishi E, Koga Y, Sakamoto T, Yamamoto Y, Ueta K, Kimata H, Nakayama K, Tsuda-Tsukimoto M (2010) J Med Chem 53:6355
5. 5.Lee JC, Francis S, Georg GI, Dutta D, Gupta V, Tash JS, Yang Y, Zhu J-Y, Schoenbrunn E (2012) J Org Chem 77:3082
6. 6.Bartoszewicz A, Kalek M, Stawinski J (2008) Tetrahedron 64:8843
7. 7.Zhao GL, Lou YY, Zhang LS, Shao H, Xu WR, Tang LD, Zou MX (2012) Synth Commun 42:2885
8. 8.Koto S, Morishima N, Miyata Y, Zen S (1976) Bull Chem Soc Jpn 49:2639
9. 9.Kakinuma H, Oi T, Hashimoto-Tsuchiya Y, Arai M, Kawakita Y, Fukasawa Y, Iida I, Hagima N, Takeuchi H, Chino Y, Asami J, Okumura-Kitajima L, Io F, Yamamoto D, Miyata N, Takahashi T, Uchida S, Yamamoto K (2010) J Med Chem 53:3247
10. 10.Xu J, Egger A, Bernet B, Vasella A (1996) Helv Chim Acta 79:2004
11. 11.Lee SH, Song K-S, Kim JY, Kang M, Lee JS, Cho S-H, Park H-J, Kim J, Lee J (2011) Bioorg Med Chem 19:5813
12. 12.Song K-S, Lee SH, Kim MJ, Seo HJ, Lee J, Lee S-H, Jung ME, Son E-J, Lee MW, Kim J, Lee J (2011) ACS Med Chem Lett 2:182
13. 13.Lee J, Lee S-H, Seo HJ, Son E-J, Lee SH, Jung ME, Lee MW, Han HK, Kim J, Kang J, Lee J (2010) Bioorg Med Chem 18:2178
14. 14.Kim MJ, Lee SH, Park SO, Kang H, Lee JS, Lee KN, Jung ME, Kim J, Lee J (2011) Bioorg Med Chem 19:5468
15. 15.Skaanderup PR, Poulsen CS, Hyldtoft L, Jørgensen MR, Madsen R (2002) Synthesis 1721
16. Monatshefte fuer Chemie (2013), 144(12), 1903-1910
17. Medicinal Chemistry (Sharjah, United Arab Emirates) (2014), 10(3), 304-317
18. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry (2014), 33(1), 85-89
19. Xiandai Yaowu Yu Linchuang (2013), 28(6), 838-841
20. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities (2014), 30(5), 785-793

////////IND Filing, SGLT-2 inhibitor, type 2 diabetes, Tianagliflozin, taigeliejing, 6-deoxydapagliflozin, 1461750-27-5

Clc1c(cc(cc1)C2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O)O)O)Cc3ccc(cc3)OCC

CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)C3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)O)O)Cl

c1(c(cc(cc1)C2OC(C(C(C2O)O)O)C)Cc3ccc(cc3)OCC)Cl

 

RO-28-1675 for Type 2 Diabetes

.

RO-28-1675

• (2R)-3-Cyclopentyl-2-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]-N-(thiazol-2-yl)propionamide
• Ro 028-1675
• Ro 0281675
• Ro 28-1675

3-Cyclopentyl-2(R)-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-N-(2-thiazolyl)propionamide

MW	378.51		.-70.4 ° Conc 0.027 g/100mL; chloroform, 589 nm;  23 °C
Formula	C18H22N2O3S2
CAS No	300353-13-3

Glucokinase Activators

Ro 28-1675 (Ro 0281675) is a potent allosteric GK activator with a SC1.5 value of 0.24± 0.0019 uM.

Roche (Innovator)

Hoffmann La Roche

PHASE 1    Type 2  DIABETES,
IC50 value: 0.24± 0.0019 uM (SC1.5) [1]
Target: Glucokinase activator
The R stereoisomer Ro 28-1675 activated GK with a SC1.5 of 0.24 uM, while the S isomer did not activated GK up to 10 uM. Oral administration of Ro 28-1675 (50 mg/Kg) to male C57B1/6J mice caused a statistically significant reduction in fasting glucose levels and improvement in glucose tolerance relative to the vehicle treated animals [1].
Comparison of rat PK parameters indicated that Ro 28-1675 displayed lower clearance and higher oral bioavailability compared to 9a.

Following a single oral dose, Ro 28-1675 reduced fasting and postprandial glucose levels following an OGTT, was well tolerated, and displayed no adverse effects related to drug administration other than hypoglycemia at the maximum dose (400 mg).

.

RO-28-1675 as glucokinase activator.

Joseph Grimsby et al., of Roche have recently discovered activators of glucokinase that increase k_cat and decrease the S_0.5 for glucose, and these may offer a treatment for type II diabetes. Glucokinase (GK) plays a key role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose in cells that express this enzyme, such as pancreatic β cells and hepatocytes.

By screening of a library of 120,000 structurally diverse synthetic compounds, they found one small molecule that increased the enzymatic activity of GK. Chemical optimization of this initial molecule led to the synthesis of RO-28-0450 as a lead GK activator which is a class of antidiabetic agents that act as nonessential, mixed-type GK activators (GKAs) that increase the glucose affinity and maximum velocity (V_max) of GK. RO-28-0450 is a racemic compound.

Activation of GK was exquisitely sensitive to the chirality of the molecule: The R enantiomer, RO-28-1675, was found to be a potent GKA, whereas the S enantiomer, RO-28-1674, was inactive. RO-28-1675 also reversed the inhibitory action of the human glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP). The activators binding in a glucokinase regulatory site originally was discovered in patients with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemi.

The result of RO-28-1675 as a potent small molecule GKA may shed light to the chemical biologists to devise strategy for developing activators. Thus for a success to this end we must focus on highly regulated enzymes, or cooperative enzymes such as glucokinase, where nature has provided binding sites that are designed to modulate catalysis.

.SYNTHESIS

Paper

J. Med. Chem., 2010, 53 (9), pp 3618–3625

DOI: 10.1021/jm100039a

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm100039a

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm100039a/suppl_file/jm100039a_si_001.pdf

 

Glucokinase (GK) is a glucose sensor that couples glucose metabolism to insulin release. The important role of GK in maintaining glucose homeostasis is illustrated in patients with GK mutations. In this publication, identification of the hit molecule 1 and its SAR development, which led to the discovery of potent allosteric GK activators 9a and 21a, is described. Compound 21a (RO0281675) was used to validate the clinical relevance of targeting GK to treat type 2 diabetes.

Flash chromatography (Merck Silica gel 60, 70-230 mesh, 9/1, 3/1, and then 11/9 hexanes/ethyl acetate) afforded (2R)-3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-N-thiazol-2-yl-propionamide (2.10 g, 74%) as a white foam.

[α] 23 589 = –70.4° (c=0.027, chloroform).

EI-HRMS m/e calcd for C18H22N2O3S2 (M+ ) 378.1072, found 378.1081.

1 H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 10.48 (br. s., 1 H), 7.88 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H), 7.53 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H), 7.50 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.76 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.03 (s, 3 H), 2.28 (dt, J=13.6, 7.7 Hz, 1 H), 1.88 - 1.98 (m, 1 H), 1.42 - 1.84 (m, 7 H), 1.07 - 1.19 (m, 2 H).

Anal. Calcd for C18H22N2O3S2: C, 56.94; H, 5.59; N, 7.28. Found: C, 57.12; H, 5.86; N, 7.40.

PATENT

WO 2000058293

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2000058293A2?cl=en

Example 3 (A) 3-CyclopentyI-2-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyI)-N-thiazol-2-yI-propionamide

A solution of dπsopropylamine (3.3 mL, 23.5 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) and 1.3-dιmethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(lH)-pyπmιdιnone (10 mL) was cooled to -78°C under nitrogen and then treated with a 10M solution of n-butyllithium m hexanes (2.35 mL, 23 5 mmol) The yellow reaction mixture was stiπed at -78°C for 30 mm and then treated dropwise with a solution of 4-methylsulfonylphenylacetιc acid (2.40 g, 11.2 mmol) in a small amount of dry tetrahydrofuran. After approximately one-half of the 4- methylsulfonylphenylacetic acid m dry tetrahydrofuran was added, a precipitate formed Upon further addition of the remaining 4-methylsulfonylphenylacetιc acid in dry tetrahydrofuran, the reaction mixture became thick in nature After complete addition of the 4-methylsulfonylphenylacetιc acid in dry tetrahydrofuran, the reaction mixture was very thick and became difficult to stir An additional amount of dry tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added to the thick reaction mixture, and the reaction mixture was stirred at -

78 C for 45 mm, at which time, a solution of lodomethylcyclopentane (2.35 g, 11.2 mmol) in a small amount of dry tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 25°C where it was stiπed for 15 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (100 mL), and the resulting yellow reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove tetrahydrofuran. The aqueous residue was acidified to pH = 2 using concentrated hydrochloπc acid The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate The organic phase was dπed over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo Flash chromatography (Merck Silica gel 60, 230-400 mesh, 1/3 hexanes/ethyl acetate) afforded 3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)propιonιc acid (1.80 g, 52%) as a white solid: mp 152-154°C; EI-HRMS m/e calcd for C₁₅H₂₀O₄S (Nf) 296.1082, found 296.1080

A solution of 3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)propιonιc acid (4.91 g, 16.56 mmol) and tnphenylphosphine (6.52 g, 24.85 mmol) m methylene chloπde (41 mL) was cooled to 0°C and then treated with N-bromosuccinimide (5.01 g, 28.16 mmol) m small portions The reaction mixture color changed from light yellow to a darker yellow then to brown After the complete addition of N-bromosuccinimide, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 25°C over 30 min. The brown reaction mixture was then treated with 2-aminothiazole (4.98 g, 49.69 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stiπed at 25°C for 19 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to remove methylene chloride. The remaining black residue was diluted with a 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (400 mL) and then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (1 x 200 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (Merck Silica gel 60, 70-230 mesh, 3/1 hexanes/ethyl acetate then 1/1 hexanes/ethyl acetate) afforded 3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-N-thiazol-2- yl-propionamide (4.49 g, 72%) as a white solid: mp 216-217°C; EI-HRMS m/e calcd for C₁₈H₂₂N₂O₃S₂ (M⁺) 378.1072, found 378.1071.

Example 13

(2R)-3-Cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesuIfonylphenyl)-N-thiazol-2-yl-propionamide

A solution of ^-( ethanesulfonyl)phenyl acetic acid (43 63 g, 0.204 mol) in methanol (509 mL) was treated slowly with concentrated sulfunc acid (2 mL) The resulting reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 19 h The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 25°C and then concentrated in vacuo to remove methanol The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (800 mL) The organic phase was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (1 x 200 mL), washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chlonde solution (1 x 200 mL), dned over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo Flash chromatography (Merck Silica gel 60, 70-230 mesh, 1/1 hexanes/ethyl acetate) afforded 4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl acetic acid methyl ester (45.42 g, 98%) as a yellow oil which solidified to a cream colored solid upon sitting over time at 25°C mp 78-80°C, EI-HRMS m/e calcd for Cι₀H₁₂O₄S (M⁺) 228 0456, found 228 0451.

A mechanical stiπer was used for this reaction A solution of dnsopropylamme (29.2 mL, 0.21 mol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (186 mL) and l,3-dιmethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro- 2(lH)-pyπmιdιnone (62 mL) was cooled to -78°C and then treated with a 2.5M solution of n-butylhthium in hexanes (83 4 mL, 0.21 mol) The yellow-orange reaction mixture was stiπed at -78°C for 35 min and then slowly treated with a solution of 4- (methanesulfonyl)phenyl acetic acid methyl ester (45.35 g, 0.20 mol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (186 mL) and l,3-dιmethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(lH)-pyπmιdmone (62 mL) The reaction mixture turned dark in color. The reaction mixture was then stiπed at -78°C for 50 mm, at which time, a solution of lodomethylcyclopentane (50.08 g, 0.24 mol) in a small amount of dry tetrahydrofuran was added slowly. The reaction mixture was then stiπed at -78°C for 50 mm, and then allowed to warm to 25°C, where it was stirred for 36 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (100 mL), and the resulting reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove tetrahydrofuran The remaining residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (1.5 L). The organic phase was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloπde solution (1 x 500 mL), dned over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo Flash chromatography (Merck Silica gel 60, 70-230 mesh, 3/1 hexanes/ethyl acetate) afforded 3-cyclopentyl-2-(4- methanesulfonylphenyl)propιonιc acid methyl ester (41.79 g, 68%) as a yellow viscous oil EI-HRMS m/e calcd for Cι₆H₂₂O₄S (M⁺) 310.1239. found 310.1230.

A solution of 3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)propιonιc acid methyl ester (50 96 g, 0.16 mol) in methanol (410 mL) was treated with a IN aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (345 mL, 0.35 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25°C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove methanol. The resulting aqueous residue was acidified to pH = 2 with concentrated hydrochlonc acid and then extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 200 mL) The combined organic layers were dned over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford pure 3-cyclopentyl-2-(4- methanesulfonylphenyl)propιonιc acid (43 61 g, 90%) as a white solid which was used without further puπfication. mp 152-154°C, EI-HRMS m e calcd for C₁₅H₂₀O₄S (M⁺) 296.1082, found 296.1080.

Two separate reactions were setup in parallel: (1) A solution of (R)-(+)-4-benzyl-2- oxazohdmone (3.67 g, 20.73 mmol) m dry tetrahydrofuran (35 mL) was cooled to -78°C and then treated with a 2.5M solution of n-butylhthium in hexanes (7.9 mL, 19.86 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stiπed at -78°C for 30 mm and then allowed to warm to 25°C, where it was stirred for 1.5 h (2) A solution of racemic 3-cyclopentyl-2-(4- methanesulfonylphenyl)propιonιc acid (5.12 g, 17.27 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (35 mL) was cooled to 0°C and then treated with tnethylamme (2.8 mL, 19.86 mmol). The reaction mixture was stiπed at 0°C for 10 nun and then treated dropwise with tπmethylacetyl chlonde (2.6 mL, 20.73 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stiπed at 0°C for 2 h and then cooled to -78°C for the addition of the freshly prepared chiral oxazolidmone. The reaction mixture containing the oxazolidmone was then added to the cooled (-78°C) mixed anhydπde solution The resulting reaction mixture was stiπed as -78°C for 1 h and allowed to gradually warm to 25°C. The reaction mixture was then stiπed at 25°C for 3 d. The resulting reaction mixture was quenched with water (100 mL) and then concentrated in vacuo to remove tetrahydrofuran. The resulting aqueous residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (600 mL). The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloπde solution (1 x 300 mL), dπed over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo Thin layer chromatography using 13/7 hexanes/ethyl acetate as the developing solvent indicated the presence of two products The higher moving product had a R_f =0.32 and the lower moving product had a R_f = 0.19. Flash chromatography (Merck Silica gel 60, 230-400 mesh, 9/1 then 13/7 hexanes/ethyl acetate) afforded two products: (1) The higher R_f product (4R, 2'S)-4-benzyl-3-[3- cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)propιonyl]-oxazohdm-2-one (2.12 g, 54%) as a white foam- mp 62-64°C; [c.]²³ ₅₈₉ = +6.3° (c=0.24, chloroform); EI-HRMS m/e calcd for C₂₅H₂₉NO₅S (M⁺) 455.1766, found 455.1757. (2) The lower R_f product (4R, 2R)-4- benzyl-3-[3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)propιonyl]-oxazolιdm-2-one (3.88 g, 99%) as a white foam: mp 59-61°C; [α]²³ ₅₈₉ = -98.3° (c=0.35, chloroform); EI-HRMS m/e calcd for C₂₅H₂₉NO₅S (M ⁺) 455.1766, found 455.1753. The combined mass recovery from the two products was 6.00 g, providing a 76% conversion yield for the reaction

An aqueous solution of lithium hydroperoxide was freshly prepared from mixing a solution of anhydrous lithium hydroxide powder (707.3 mg, 16.86 mmol) m 5.27 mL of water with a 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution (3.44 mL, 33.71 mmol). This freshly prepared aqueous lithium hydroperoxide solution was cooled to 0°C and then slowly added to a cooled (0°C) solution of (4R, 2'R)-4-benzyl-3-[3-cyclopentyl-2-(4- methanesulfonylphenyl)propιonyl]-oxazolιdm-2-one (3.84 g, 8.43 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (33 mL) and water (11 mL). The reaction mixture was stiπed 0°C for 1.5 h The reaction mixture was then quenched with a 1.5N aqueous sodium sulfite solution (25 mL) The reaction mixture was further diluted with water (300 mL) The resulting aqueous layer was continuously extracted with diethyl ether until thm layer chromatography indicated the absence of the recovered chiral oxazolidmone in the aqueous layer The aqueous layer was then acidified to pH = 2 with a 10% aqueous hydrochlonc acid solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL) The organic extract was dned over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford (2R)-3- cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)propιomc acid as a white solid (2.23 g, 89%) which was used without further puπfication Flash chromatography (Merck Silica gel 60, 70-230 mesh, 30/1 methylene chlonde/methanol then 10/1 methylene chlonde/methanol) was used to obtain a punfied sample for analytical data and afforded pure (2R)-3- cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)propιomc acid as a white foam- mp 62-64°C (foam to gel), [α]²³ ₅₈₉ = -50.0° (c=0.02, chloroform), EI-HRMS m/e calcd for C₁₅H₂₀O₄S (M⁺) 296 1082, found 296 1080

A solution of tnphenylphosphme (3.35 g, 12.79 mmol) m methylene chloπde (19 mL) was cooled to 0°C and then slowly treated with N-bromosuccmimide (2.28 g, 12.79 mmol) in small portions. The reaction mixture was stiπed at 0°C for 30 mm, and dunng this time penod, the color of the reaction mixture changed from light yellow to a darker yellow then to a purple color. The cooled purple reaction mixture was then treated with the (2R)-3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)propιonιc acid (2.23 g, 7.52 mmol) The resulting reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to 25°C over 45 mm, at which time, the reaction mixture was then treated with 2-amιnothιazole (1.88 g, 18.81 mmol) The resulting reaction mixture was stiπed at 25°C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to remove methylene chloπde The remaining black residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL) and then washed well with a 10% aqueous hydrochlonc acid solution (2 x 100 mL), a 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (3 x 100 mL), and a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (1 x 200 mL). The organic layer was then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (Merck Silica gel 60, 70-230 mesh, 9/1, 3/1, and then 11/9 hexanes/ethyl acetate) afforded (2R)-3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-N-thiazol-2-yl- propionamide (2.10 g, 74%) as a white foam: mp 78-80°C (foam to gel); [α]²³ ₅₈₉ = -70.4° (c=0.027, chloroform); EI-HRMS m/e calcd for C₁₈H₂₂N₂O₃S₂ (M⁺) 378.1072, found 378.1081.

REFERENCES

[1]. Haynes NE, et al. Discovery, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of glucokinase activator (2R)-3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-N-thiazol-2-yl-propionamide (RO0281675).

Glucokinase (GK) is a glucose sensor that couples glucose metabolism to insulin release. The important role of GK in maintaining glucose homeostasis is illustrated in patients with GK mutations. In this publication, identification of the hit molecule 1 and its SAR development, which led to the discovery of potent allosteric GK activators 9a and 21a, is described. Compound 21a (RO0281675) was used to validate the clinical relevance of targeting GK to treat type 2 diabetes.

http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v8/n5/fig_tab/nrd2850_T2.html

NMR.....http://www.medchemexpress.com/product_pdf/HY-10595/Ro%2028-1675-NMR-HY-10595-13569-2014.pdf

http://www.medchemexpress.com/product_pdf/HY-10595/Ro%2028-1675-Lcms_Ms-HY-10595-13569-2014.pdf

J Grimsby et al. Allosteric Activators of Glucokinase: Potential Role in Diabetes Therapy. Science Signaling 2003, 301(5631), 370-373.

T Kietzmann and GK Ganjam. Glucokinase: old enzyme, new target. Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents. 2005, 15(6), 705-713.

///////////RO-28-1675, Ro 0281675

O=C(Nc1nccs1)[C@H](CC2CCCC2)c3ccc(cc3)S(C)(=O)=O

Chemical structures of Roche's glucokinase activators (GKAs) RO-28-1675 and piragliatin, as well as the related GKA 1.